Researchers at Texas A&M University have discovered two naturally occurring molecules, microRNA-15a and microRNA-16, that may help control the growth of non-small cell lung cancer. Their study, conducted by the Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences and the College of Education and Human Development, shows that these microRNAs can significantly reduce cancer cell growth and protein production.
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Dr. James Fluckey, the principal investigator of the study, explained that these microRNAs play a crucial role in maintaining cellular balance. Their disruption often leads to cancerous growths. He emphasized the importance of these findings, stating, "The fact that we found two microRNAs that can influence that proteostasis to slow cancer progression is of profound importance."
MicroRNAs are likened to traffic lights that help regulate cellular metabolism and growth. When these regulatory systems fail, cancerous cells can proliferate uncontrollably. The researchers found that reintroducing microRNA-15a and microRNA-16 in lung cancer cells helped restore normal cellular controls, leading to a decrease in both protein synthesis and cell growth.
Previously, Fluckey's laboratory focused on skeletal muscle communication but then shifted interest to microRNAs, which were initially underestimated. Their research revealed that these molecules significantly influence protein production. MicroRNA-15a and microRNA-16 had previously shown potential in regulating muscle growth and insulin sensitivity, leading the team to investigate their impact on cancer.
While this research indicates a potential strategy for slowing lung cancer progression, it does not claim to be a cure. Fluckey noted, "We are touting that maybe we can arrest the cancer to an extent that it may behave normally enough to buy you a bunch of time."
The researchers believe that slowing cancer can improve the effectiveness of other treatments such as surgery or drug therapy. Dr. Peter Nghiem, a co-author of the study, highlighted the need for a multimodal treatment approach to tackle complex diseases like cancer.
The team is also exploring methods to deliver microRNA-based therapies directly to cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. They are investigating viral delivery systems that can target lung cancer cells specifically.
This interdisciplinary project reflects a collaboration that began years ago, showcasing the importance of cooperation in scientific research. The researchers hope their findings will lead to new therapeutic options for cancer treatment. Fluckey remarked on the significant impact of discovering microRNAs that affect cellular metabolism, emphasizing the need for further exploration in this area.