Rabies is a viral infection that affects mammals and can lead to severe neurological illness and death. Although human cases of rabies are rare in the United States due to effective vaccination programs and animal control, the disease remains a concern for public health. In September, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a notable rise in instances of human exposure to potentially rabid animals.
Read More
From July to August 2025, the CDC noted a 17% increase in rabies-related inquiries compared to the same period in the previous year. This uptick is reflected in the increased administration of post-exposure preventative treatments across at least eight states, with rabies vaccine usage rising by 33% and rabies immunoglobulin usage by 76%. Annually, around 1.4 million people in the U.S. seek care for rabies risk assessment after animal contact, with approximately 100,000 individuals receiving post-exposure treatment. Globally, rabies claims the lives of tens of thousands each year, predominantly impacting children following encounters with infected dogs.
Dr. Meera Gatlin, an assistant teaching professor at Tufts University’s Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, remarked that the CDC advisory indicates an increase in animal interactions prompting clinicians to recommend post-exposure treatments. While this caution is warranted due to the often-fatal nature of rabies once symptoms arise, it does not necessarily imply an increase in actual human rabies cases nationwide.
Rabies typically spreads through saliva entering the body via bites, scratches, or contact with mucous membranes. In the U.S., despite control efforts against dog-mediated rabies, the virus persists among various wildlife species, including bats, raccoons, skunks, and foxes.
To mitigate risk, keeping pets vaccinated against rabies is crucial. Approved vaccines are also available for ferrets, horses, sheep, and cattle. Individuals in high-risk professions, such as veterinarians and wildlife rehabilitators, may consider pre-exposure vaccinations. Avoiding contact with wildlife and securing pets from wild animals can significantly reduce danger. If a bat is found indoors, especially near individuals who might be unable to report contact, it is essential to seek guidance from healthcare providers or local health departments about possible rabies exposure.
Post-exposure prophylaxis can effectively prevent rabies when administered promptly, including wound care, rabies immunoglobulin, and a series of rabies vaccinations before symptoms emerge. The CDC recognizes over 100 countries where rabies is still prevalent. Travelers are advised to consult healthcare providers about receiving pre-exposure vaccinations if they expect to interact with dogs or other mammals in these regions.
For unvaccinated pets that encounter wildlife, quarantine procedures may be more prolonged. Although current vaccination efforts have led to a decrease in domestic animal rabies cases, maintaining high vaccination rates is crucial for preventing future outbreaks. Pet owners are encouraged to discuss vaccination options with their veterinarians. The Tufts Wildlife Clinic website offers resources for Massachusetts residents on how to respond safely to sick or injured wild mammals that may transmit rabies.