Gene-Edited Beagles Developed to Eliminate Dog Allergens

Approximately one in eight individuals in the United States experience allergic reactions to dogs, which can make dog ownership challenging for those affected. However, with advancements in genetic engineering, there may soon be options for hypoallergenic pets.

Researchers utilized CRISPR, a Nobel Prize-winning technique, to modify Alfie and Bailey's genes. Their study was published on August 5 in the CRISPR Journal. Kindred Companion Sciences, co-founded by geneticist Matt Walker, aims to make dog ownership possible for allergy sufferers. Walker has experienced allergies throughout his life, which prevented his family from owning dogs, a desire his wife, Maggie, has always had.

About a year and a half ago, Walker adopted Bailey without triggering any allergic reactions, thanks to the gene-editing process that turned off the gene responsible for producing Can f 1. This was achieved by taking skin cells from a beagle, editing the Can f 1 gene, and cloning these cells. The modified DNA was then placed into donated egg cells, leading to the birth of the two beagles in September 2024.

Tests showed no detectable levels of Can f 1 protein in the saliva or dander of Bailey and Alfie. In contrast, the allergen was present in samples from a standard beagle, as well as from poodles and goldendoodles, which are typically marketed as hypoallergenic. Skin-prick allergy tests confirmed that dander and saliva from Alfie and Bailey did not cause allergic reactions, unlike those from the other dogs.

Research has also produced a gene-edited hypoallergenic cat named Alsik, which significantly reduces the allergen Fel d 1. However, as of now, gene-edited animals are not available for public adoption.

While experts have raised ethical questions about gene editing, others argue it parallels traditional breeding practices. Alison Van Eenennaam, an animal genetics expert, stated that both methods create animals intended for companionship.

So far, the genetic modifications have not affected the health of Bailey and Alfie, and researchers will continue to monitor their well-being. The ultimate goal is to create gene-edited ‘founder animals’ that can reproduce and pass on the hypoallergenic trait. However, the Food and Drug Administration has yet to approve the gene alteration.

Walker remains optimistic, stating that they hope Alfie and Bailey will lead to more gene-edited dogs in the future, although it is acknowledged that not all dog allergy issues can be resolved, as other proteins like Can f 2 can also cause reactions.