Diabetes, although often associated with humans, also affects pets, particularly dogs and cats. In dogs, the condition resembles Type 1 diabetes in humans due to the destruction or dysfunction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. In contrast, cats typically experience a form similar to Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production. Approximately one in every 300 dogs and cats receiving veterinary treatment is diagnosed with diabetes, posing significant challenges for both animals and their owners.
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To address these challenges, researchers from the Faculty of Veterinary Science at Chulalongkorn University have been investigating innovative treatments for diabetes over the past decade. They have recently made strides in developing stem cell technology derived from canine adipose (fat) tissue to potentially offer a long-term solution for diabetic pets. Assoc. Prof. Chenphop Sawangmake, who established the Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC) in 2013 after gaining expertise in the U.S., emphasized the ambition to move beyond mere management of diabetes.
The research team spent five to six years assessing various stem cell sources, ultimately confirming that adipose tissue was the most practical option due to its ease of collection and the higher yield of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) compared to other sources, such as bone marrow. Dr. Saranyou Oontawee noted that adipose-derived MSCs can be harvested safely during routine spay or neuter surgeries, making them more accessible.
The objective of the research was to create beta cells from these isolated stem cells, as damaged beta cells are responsible for uncontrolled blood sugar levels in diabetic dogs. The process involves complex methods to “teach” the stem cells to develop into insulin-producing cells. This is achieved by introducing genes that drive beta-cell maturation and creating an environment conducive to their development.
The engineered cells have shown the ability to secrete insulin at levels comparable to natural pancreatic functions and demonstrate glucagon secretion similar to pancreatic islets. Animal studies indicated that these cells could lower blood sugar levels effectively and safely.
Despite the promising results, the team is aware of the broader challenges within regenerative medicine, including ensuring treatment safety and effectiveness while building public trust in scientific claims. Assoc. Prof. Chenphop highlighted the importance of distinguishing legitimate therapies from exaggerated marketing claims surrounding stem cell treatments.
The research aims to expand its implications beyond diabetes, potentially addressing various health issues associated with organ degeneration. As they advance towards scaling up beta-cell production using microfluidics technology, the team also explores exosome therapy to aid in pancreatic tissue repair.
In the coming years, the researchers plan to begin tests on diabetic dogs and expect to offer the therapy soon afterward. VSCBIC has established itself as a leader in innovative veterinary research with several patents and significant contributions to the field. Assoc. Prof. Chenphop and Dr. Saranyou both expressed pride in their progress and continued commitment to improving companion animal health through regenerative medicine while inviting others to join their efforts.