New research indicates that the intelligence of dogs may not be as exceptional as commonly believed. Scientists from the University of Exeter and Canterbury Christ Church University reviewed evidence comparing the cognitive abilities of dogs to other domestic animals, social hunters, and various carnivorans, including wolves, bears, and lions.
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The researchers analyzed over 300 studies on canine intelligence and noted instances of "over interpretation" that favored dogs. Professor Stephen Lea from the University of Exeter remarked that many studies appear to aim to showcase dogs' cleverness, especially when compared to chimpanzees. However, in every instance examined, there were other species that performed at least as well as dogs in similar tasks.
The review covered multiple aspects of cognition, including sensory, physical, spatial, social cognition, and self-awareness. Dr. Britta Osthaus from Canterbury Christ Church University stated that when considering all three groups, the cognitive abilities of dogs do not stand out as exceptional. She emphasized the importance of acknowledging dogs for what they are and understanding their true abilities and needs in how they are treated.
The findings were published in the journal Learning & Behavior under the title "In what sense are dogs special? Canine cognition in comparative context."