Kazakhstan Establishes DNA Bank for Tazy and Tobet Dog Breeds

For centuries, the Tazy and Tobet have been integral to Kazakhstan’s nomadic culture, serving roles in hunting, protection, and pastoral life. Despite their cultural significance, both breeds had been largely overlooked in scientific studies until recently, which left gaps in understanding their genetic backgrounds and health. This prompted a large-scale research effort initiated in 2021, led by various scientific institutions alongside cynology and veterinary organizations.

Anastasia Perfilyeva, a candidate of biological sciences and a leading researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Physiology, noted, “Over the past several years, we managed to change this situation. In 2021, a project to study the Tazy gene pool was launched, and shortly afterward, a large program began to research the Tobet.”

The collaborative efforts involved the Institute of Genetics and Physiology, the Institute of Zoology of Kazakhstan, the Kansonar Association, and other organizations. Researchers conducted expeditions throughout Kazakhstan, meeting breeders, hunters, and shepherds to identify authentic representatives of both breeds. Many owners were surprised to learn that their dogs possessed scientific value.

As a result of these efforts, each identified dog contributed genetic material, allowing for the documentation of bloodlines and adaptation to environments. This led to the establishment of a DNA bank that preserves this valuable genetic data.

Genetic analysis confirmed the Tazy as an independent ancient breed, while the Tobet emerged from a mix of Arctic and East Asian dog lineages, differing genetically from over 140 other dog breeds globally. Researchers found DNA regions related to traits such as speed, endurance, guarding behavior, cognitive ability, and stress resistance, providing a scientific basis for responsible breeding and population health management.

More than 600 dogs have been issued genetic passports to aid breeders in avoiding inbreeding, validating lineage, and assessing bloodline rarity. For the Tobet breed, researchers developed and patented a technology for genetic verification to prevent crossbreeding, along with a cytogenetic test to detect chromosomal abnormalities and monitor overall health. Additionally, they introduced trichological markers for breed identification through microscopic hair analysis, a technique valuable for veterinary forensic cases.

“This is a major step forward. If something happens to the population, we will have a reserve,” said Perfilyeva, emphasizing the importance of this genetic preservation.

The Tazy received preliminary international recognition from the International Canine Federation (FCI) in 2024, marking Kazakhstan as the official holder of the breed standard. Scientific findings from Kazakh researchers were included in the credentialing documents, a significant step in formalizing the breed’s genetic status. Kazakhstan celebrated the Day of Kazakh Dog Breeds for the first time on September 3.

Ongoing research on the Tobet continues, with scientists mapping the breed’s distribution and genetic health, developing conservation guidelines, and establishing cryopreservation infrastructure. These resources have been shared with the Union of Cynologists of Kazakhstan, garnering interest from governmental bodies.

Perfilyeva remarked on the progress, stating, “We went from field expeditions to genomics and international recognition. Most importantly, we created a foundation that will allow the Tazy and Tobet to be preserved not only today but for future generations.”

The Tazy has attracted growing international attention, as evidenced by the Kazakh national team’s success at the World Dog Show 2025, where they showcased eight Tazy dogs and secured seven major awards. Kazakh Tazy dogs have also been gifted by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev to notable figures, including French President Emmanuel Macron. The Tazy is celebrated in Kazakh tradition as part of Zheti Kazyna, symbolizing key nomadic values.