A recent study published in Applied Animal Behaviour Science challenges the belief that cats feel comforted by objects bearing their human owner's scent. The research, conducted in October 2021, involved 42 adult cats to explore how their behavior is affected in unfamiliar environments when separated from their owners.
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The study focused on the “Secure Base Effect” (SBE), which refers to the reliance on a familiar caretaker for comfort. Each cat was observed under three conditions: in the presence of their owner, alone without their owner, and alone with a “scent object” that had their owner’s smell. The findings revealed that while cats exhibited less stress when their human caretakers were present, the scent objects did not significantly decrease their anxiety levels. In some instances, these objects seemed to increase distress.
Additionally, a separate study involving kittens indicated that separation from their nest was distressing, which emphasized the importance of scent in their sense of safety. Cats primarily identify their surroundings through scent, as highlighted by cat behaviorist Linda Hall. Researchers had initially expected cats to show less stress when in proximity to scent objects, but results indicated no substantial difference in stress vocalizations with the presence of these items. Surprisingly, only about half of the cats displayed the Secure Base Effect in their owner's presence.
The researchers noted that the introduction of the scent object by an unfamiliar assistant may have unsettled the cats, and the brief observation periods might not have been sufficient for the cats to recognize the object as comforting. According to Hall, more time might allow cats to adjust and potentially seek comfort from the object.
For cat owners concerned about their pets' adjustment to new environments, experts recommend allowing a slow acclimatization process. They advise starting by keeping the cat in a single room with familiar items, such as litter boxes and toys, to minimize anxiety. This controlled approach provides cats a critical sense of security. Ensuring a calm environment and sticking to a regular routine are also essential. While leaving out familiar items like an old sweater might not have a significant impact, it is likely safe to do so. Ultimately, when it comes to comfort, real companionship may be irreplaceable for cats.